Showing posts with label purity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label purity. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 28, 2015

Saving bodies








When I wake up in the morning I go to the bathroom, and I wash my face and hands.  I remove the mouth guard that protects my teeth from clenching during the night, and clean it with a special brush and put it away.  I go into the kitchen and fill a glass with water and have a good long drink.  I take a few minutes for my morning prayers, and then I get back to tending to needs of my body.  I heat water to cook oatmeal and for tea.  Then I go into the living room and roll out my yoga mat and stretch and breathe to loosen the stiffness and soreness of the night.  I turn off the oatmeal pot and cover it and go take a shower.  I wash my hair and shave.  I brush my hair and dress.  I eat my breakfast, brush my teeth, grab my wallet, my phone, and my keys, put on my shoes, and then I’m ready. 
I’m ready to go out into the world, to assume my public persona, to go to work, to be the person others know and expect me to be.   But in order to be him, I first have to care for my body.  I say “my body” because that’s the way we conventionally talk, but that makes it sound like this body is a thing that I own, like a hat or a car, as if there is a separate “I” who possesses it, when the truth of my experience is that I am my body.  And it’s also true that even something as undeniably my own as being this particular body is not left to me to negotiate in private; whether I want it to be or not, “my” body is public property.  Other people define and interpret my body. 
They evaluate me, according to cultural norms—by sex, age, height, and weight; by the color and texture of my skin, eyes, and hair; by the tenor of my voice and dexterity of my movements, by the functionality, or lack thereof, of my organs and limbs, and brain.  These are all keys for classifying me as this or that kind of person and for interpreting my behavior.  Am I beautiful or ugly?  Menacing or friendly?  Esteemed or shameful?  Am I normal and able and healthy and well, or am I somehow other, something less than these?  These are questions we don’t always get to answer for ourselves, and the answers that we get from others profoundly shape how we relate to ourselves.  They can turn our bodies into prisons, where, quite apart from any biological necessity, we are sentenced to humiliation, isolation, or even death.
The Gospel of Mark is mostly a series of Jesus’ encounters with aspects of human existence that we would rather not have to deal with.  In many cases these are stories of the suffering of a body, one possessed by a demon or afflicted with disease.  But these bodies don’t simply have a medical condition, because their physical or mental suffering is compounded, is multiplied, by social indifference, by prevailing attitudes of suspicion, disdain or fear.  Public interpretation devalues the suffering of these bodies and gives them scant comfort or remedy. 
Today’s Gospel story is about the healing of this kind of body.  It is really two stories, two healings, with the second sandwiched into the middle of the first, and by putting them together the Gospel writer makes them comment on each other.  In some ways the story about the little girl is the more dramatic—after all, Jesus raises her from the dead, but it the other encounter that is the meat in the sandwich.  The protagonist of this story is a woman whose body has betrayed her with an abnormal, continual menstrual flow.  Needless to say, this has made her unable to conceive and bear children, denying her a woman’s primary source of honor and value in the eyes of her society.
But more than that, the religious laws in the Book of Leviticus say that this bleeding makes her ritually impure—she is excluded from the worship of God in the temple.  Her impurity is considered contagious; you can catch it from contact with her body or her clothing or even a place where she has sat or lain down, and it takes time and special ceremonies to cleanse that impurity away.  She once had been a woman of means, because the story tells how she spent her money on painful and ineffective treatments from doctors until it was all gone.  By the time that she meets Jesus, she has suffered this condition, and the status of pariah that goes along with it, for twelve long and lonely years. 
Which are all the years that the young daughter of the leader of the synagogue has been alive, and the contrast between their stories is instructive.  When the little girl needs help it is her father who goes and falls at the feet of Jesus to plead with him to come.  And this is the way it is supposed to be done.  A woman in the ancient world was supposed to avoid interaction with men she didn’t know.  She kept to the company of women, and to the private sphere of her home, and it was the responsibility of her male relations, her father, brother, uncle, or husband, to  advocate for what she needed in the public realm.  But the woman with the bleeding has no one to plead her case.  So she has to take matters, quite literally, into her own hands. 
The initiative in the story is all hers, it is her faith that if she could just touch Jesus’ cloak, she could be healed.  And she does touch it, and at once she feels in her body that she has been made well.  Power passes from body to body, but it is not the contagion of impurity passing from her body to Jesus’, but a healing charge of spirit that flows from his to hers.  Jesus’ feels it, too, a touch different from all the other hands grasping at him in the crowd.  He stops, demanding to know who it was who touched him in that way.  And though she falls before him trembling with fear, he tells her she is no longer alone, no longer without a patron, that now she has an advocate and protector, for he calls her “Daughter”, and says her faith has made her well.  
The word that means “made well” can also be translated “saved”, and this is a story of what it means to be saved by Jesus.  It’s a salvation that has everything to do with faith, and that shouldn’t surprise us.  I’m sure we’ve all heard enough about being saved by grace through faith to know that’s what Christians are supposed to believe about salvation, even if we’re not sure exactly what it means.  But what might be less obvious or expected is that this is the salvation of bodies.  It is God’s presence in a human body, the body of Jesus, that the woman in the story puts her faith in.  In faith she reaches out to touch that salvation, and it comes with the healing of her body.
But it goes further than that; it is the salvation of her whole person, of a body that is not only inner  and private experience but also public belonging.  Jesus’ salvation replaces the old, oppressive and divisive cultural codes with a new and universal language of identity, so that everyone who has faith in him is a new person in a new society, a daughter or a son in the family of God, a citizen of the Kingdom of God.  This salvation is what St. Paul writes about in the Letter to the Galatians, of baptism into Christ that makes us one--“no longer Jew or Greek, no longer slave or free, no longer male or female.” 
This week a scant majority of the United States Supreme Court, added that we are also no longer straight and gay.  Old cultural norms that privilege certain kinds of bodies and denigrate others continue to fall away before the gospel’s universal affirmation of human freedom, responsibility, and love.  This is a vision of the salvation, not only of persons, but of the world.  In the church we have a name for this world, this community in which every body has a unique but equally valuable place.  We call it a body—the Body of Christ.

Tuesday, February 3, 2015

Mastering fear




“The fear of the Lord,” says today’s Psalm, “is the beginning of wisdom.”  But some of us might disagree.  Sure, wisdom might have something to do with God.  Seeking God, perhaps, or loving God, or knowing God—these we might accept as starting points for wisdom.  But fear?  We like to think that God is loving and good, compassionate and generous and forgiving, and indeed the Psalm describes a God like that.  So what is there to fear? 
It’s a good question, and I think that to find the answer we have to look at what “wisdom” is.  Because wisdom, if it really is wisdom, is not abstract or theoretical.  It is always applied.  Wisdom teaches us how to live, how to find our way through the real world, with skill, equanimity, and grace.  But if we’re going to be honest I think we have to admit that we find the real world to be a fearful place.  We might reject the notion that God is someone to fear, but that doesn’t mean we are not afraid. 
The truth is we live in a world haunted by fear.  News about the economy, just to take one example, is full of fearful language.  Wall Street has “jitters,” we read, or the Federal Reserve seeks to “calm investors’ fears.”  Sometimes it even has to intervene to stave off a full-blown “panic.”  On a more personal level, my wife is fond of reminiscing about her childhood and how she and the neighborhood kids would play together outside, in and out of each others’ houses, and up and down and around the block until they were all called home to dinner.  But in our neighborhood today, though we know there are children because we catch fleeting glimpses of them from time to time, they are not out playing in the street.   And if they were, we wouldn’t let our daughter join them, at least not without adult supervision.  “Times have changed,” we say, but what exactly it is that has changed is hard to put your finger on, except that we are more afraid than our parents were.
We are afraid of things that we do not understand and cannot control, but that gives them power over us.  It doesn’t really matter if the Ebola virus, or Islamist extremists, or home invasion robbers pose a real threat to our lives—the fear of them is enough—enough to make us do things we wouldn’t otherwise do, or to not do what we otherwise would.  The fear is enough to curtail our freedom and destroy peace. 
It is when we consider this intersection of fear and power that I think we start to understand what the psalm is saying about wisdom.  Because the point is not that the God of Israel is a terrifying God, though he certainly can be when he means to, but that wisdom begins when we understand that in this world only God is to be feared, because only God has ultimate power.  We who do not fear God, and reject the very idea of fearing God, no longer believe in the power of God.  We might believe in a God who makes us feel better.  That is why we have such a need to for a “nice” God—but we don’t believe in a God with the power to save us from the things we most fear.

In the Gospel of Mark, Jesus begins his ministry by walking into the synagogue at Capernaum on the Sabbath day with his four brand new disciples and beginning to teach.   Compared to the other gospels, Mark says very little about the content of his teaching.  He does summarize it right before today’s lesson, when he says,
“Jesus came to Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near; repent, and believe in the good news.””
That’s quite a message, but in the scene in the synagogue what is most important is the impact that the message has on Jesus’ audience.   They are astonished by its originality and by its power.  He speaks with authority, but it’s not the authority of being able to skillfully back up his arguments with quotations from scripture, which is what they are used to.  His teaching seems to come straight from the source of wisdom and truth.
Cynthia Bourgeault, whose book The Wisdom Jesus some folks at St. John’s are reading right now, speaks of the experience of hearing Jesus as a “recognition event.”  That is, his teaching isn’t about some religious beliefs or moral principles that exist “out there,” where you can hold them at arm’s length and turn them this way and that and decide what you think of them.  But it impacts people “in here,” in their own spiritual center, which stirs and comes alive, as if responding to a mother tongue once known but long-forgotten.  It is an experience of hearing the truth about oneself and about God, and recognizing what has always been known in the heart.
But the Gospel tells us there was one man in the synagogue that day whose spiritual center was not his own.  And while the others are moved by Jesus’ preaching, the spirit that has taken possession of this man recognizes Jesus’ person.  It sees who he really is.  It understands that his authority is not just a function of rhetorical genius or brilliance of insight, but of the identity and purpose given to him by God.  Jesus is on a mission, and his teaching is only one aspect of it; a mission to manifest the Kingdom of God, not only as a nice idea, but with power.  That kingdom is not going to come without a fight, and immediately, right from the start, the real enemies of God come out to do battle. 
I think it helps to understand what is at stake in this conflict if we consider why the Gospel refers to this antagonistic spirit as “unclean.”  In the Bible “clean” and “unclean,” are very important ideas, that do not mean what we might suppose.  They are not categories that pertain to hygiene, or to morality, but to religious worship.  They have to do with the way the ancient Hebrews perceived the world, and structured society, and lived their lives, so as to preserve the central place in all of it for God. 
And when they said that something was unclean it was not because they believed that it was hated by God, or outside of God.   God created everything that is, and pronounced that it is good.  But there are in our world objects and experiences that carry with them an intrinsic fascination and danger, things like blood, like the sleep and the death of the body, things like sex and childbirth. 
To the ancient Hebrew way of thinking, these things were unclean, not because they are “dirty” in some puritanical sense, but because they are powerful.  Someone or something that has been in contact with them needs to be made clean, to be purified by a religious act, to bring the numinous power of that contact back into its proper relationship with other things.  It needs to be realigned with the ordered world created by with God. 
And this was true not only of natural phenomena, and material things, but also of the spiritual world.  The Jews of Jesus’ time had a vivid sense of a world full of spirits, of unseen intelligences.  But some of these spirits refused their ordered place among the creatures of God.  Instead of worshiping before the heavenly throne, they preyed on human beings.  They fed on our fear, on our fascination with idols, with divination, sorcery, and human sacrifice, all our efforts to bend divine power to our control.  They sought to rival the angels, as if their power to dominate, to inflict insanity and sickness, to take possession of a person’s soul, were on a par with God’s power to heal, to bless, to give and preserve life.
Some people might say that modern materialistic science has made these ideas obsolete and irrelevant.  But what is at stake in Jesus’ conflict with the unclean spirit is not whether or not we believe in demons.  What is at stake is whether we believe there is anything more powerful than God.  Or let me put it a different way—of what in the world are you most afraid?  To what in the world do you turn to master the things that you fear?  How we answer those questions shows us where we still need to repent, and believe in the good news of God’s Kingdom.  It shows us where we still need Jesus to come in power.  

Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Pure religion


Song of Solomon 2:8-13
Psalm 45:1-2, 7-10
James 1:17-27
Mark 7:1-8, 14-15, 21-23

When I was twenty I decided I needed to purify my life.  I was living in a house in Seattle with my oldest brother and a bunch of his bachelor friends, whose mutual interests were punk rock and beer.  I was working at a couple of low-wage jobs downtown, as an early morning janitor and a walking courier in afternoon.  I had a girlfriend but then she dumped me for a guy who drove for the Green Tortoise hippie bus line up and down the coast.  So I decided to start changing things.  I moved out of my brother’s house, and found a new place to live where I could have peace and quiet.  I quit the janitorial job, and started a training program in massage therapy.  And I went on a Macrobiotic diet. 
What this meant was that I got one of those electric crockpots and started cooking large quantities of whole grains, mainly brown rice and millet.  I basically lived on that, plus a lot of vegetables.  I did get some exotic soybean products like tofu, tempeh, and miso, and learned to cook with them.  I learned to like seaweed.  What I didn’t eat was anything sweet or fried.  I didn’t eat meat, eggs, or dairy products.  I hardly ate any fruit.  No bread, or potatoes.  I didn’t even eat peanut butter.  I was always hungry, and I was usually cold, but man, was I healthy.  At least I thought so until I went to visit my parents for Christmas.  My mother almost cried.  I got out the bathroom scale and found that I was down to 110 pounds.  If you’ve ever gone home for the holidays and been amazed at how much your mother can feed you, you can guess what the next week was like for me.  Needless to say, the Macrobiotic diet was over. 
And I didn’t really miss it, because it wasn’t really about the food.  It was about regaining control over my life.  It was about making a boundary, so that my body would be a space that only good things, only pure things, could enter.  And this is what the scribes and Pharisees in this morning’s text from the Gospel of Mark are all about.  Their scrupulous rituals of washing their hands, washing their food, and washing their dishes are not based on principles of hygiene.  They are about creating a space apart, a sacred space, a kind of preserve of holiness in the midst of a dirty, crazy world.
And this is one of the things that religion does.  Religion can draw a map of the world, a map with clear boundaries, drawn in thick, black lines.  Rituals, doctrines, rules of moral behavior can all serve to mark off a defensible space.  Sometimes it’s an actual physical space, like the precincts of a church or a temple or a monastery.  But it can also be a social space, like a denomination, or a congregation, or even a psychic and bodily space.   And for those who understand this religious map, those marked-off spaces are where you find holiness.   The people and the things inside the boundaries are holy people, holy things, and anyone and anything that comes in from outside must first be purified.  Religious traditions, and institutions, and authorities all work together to maintain the holy space, to defend it and keep it pure and uncontaminated by the profane world. 
But Jesus shows up with a different kind of religion.  His religion is the freedom of the human heart that is loved by God.   It’s a heart that doesn’t try to wall itself off from the world, because it knows that the dirt and craziness of that world are right there within itself, and that God loves it anyway.  Jesus meets the crazy people in the world, and touches them and calls the unclean spirits out of their souls.  He sits down at table with dirty people, with tax collectors and sinners, and eats with them.  Some of his disciples don’t even wash their hands.  But Jesus is not afraid of “catching something” that will make him unfit to enter holy ground.  He is not concerned with keeping any space holy but the space that God’s Spirit of love creates in our hearts, and for the one who dwells in that space the whole world is holy.

The Song of Solomon is a love poem which has been read in the Christian mystical tradition as an allegory of the courtship that Christ pays to our soul.  The imagery that comes to us from that poem this morning is of the lover’s infectious joy that draws us out of our enclosed spaces into freedom.  Like a gazelle or a young stag the beloved stands on the other side of the wall of our fears, peering in at the windows of our obsessions, peeking through the lattice of our need for control and saying “Arise, my love, and come away.”   This is the invitation that Christ speaks to us, to trust the one who loves us with such gladness and passion, to arise and go with him into the world as into a springtime of delight, into a wide-open sacred space alive with beauty, and pleasure, and joy.
The Letter of James describes the gift of Christ’s love for us as like a mirror.  We can get stuck there, gazing at the reflection of our own selves as we appear in the light of grace.  We can keep looking and looking, trying to hang on to the feeling of that first glimpse, and in this way the grace of God, the love of Christ, the forgiveness of our sins, the salvation of our souls, all the life-giving good news of the Gospel can become another prison, another enclosed, holy space that we have to keep pure.  But James suggests another possibility, the possibility of looking into that mirror, of gratefully receiving the grace of seeing ourselves as Christ sees us, and then turning and going away to serve.  That vision of goodness can be something not to cling to, but something to give to others.  We can walk in generosity and freedom, not turned inward in a hungry search for more and more holy experience, but open-hearted, allowing the love of Christ to flow through us to the world. 
There was another thing I did when I was trying to remake my life that autumn in Seattle.  I called a telephone number from an advertisement in the free weekly newspaper, and I ordered a set of meditation cushions.  A week or so later I got off the bus in an unfamiliar part of town and walked a couple of blocks to an old house, surrounded by a rambling but well-tended flower garden.  At the gate I met the woman I’d spoken to on the phone, and she invited me in and I gave her a check, and she gave me the things she had sewn—a round firm pillow and a thin square mat.  I carried them home on the bus and I got up the next morning before sunrise and sat down on my pillow and my mat and crossed my legs and started learning how to be in the world in a different way.  I never did become a massage therapist.  The macrobiotic diet you already know about.  But I still have those cushions, twenty-seven years later.  I even use them sometimes.
Jesus calls us to stop trying to create defensible spaces of holiness in the world.  Instead he says, “Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away.  Let me give you holiness in the sanctuary of your hearts, a sanctuary that you sweep clean day by day with prayer, that you wash with tears, and consecrate with songs.  Enter that sanctuary and drink from its deep silence, and in that silence hear my voice.  Let me light a sacred fire there, the Spirit of love and compassion, and generosity to the world.   Take that fire with you, wherever you go, even to the dirty, crazy places.   And you will find that, even there, holiness comes out to meet you.”

About Me

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Petaluma, California, United States
I am a priest in the Episcopal Church, and have been (among other things) an organic farmer and gardener, and a Zen monk. I have a lifelong interest in social and spiritual renewal on the basis of contemplative discipline, creative nonviolence, and ecological practice. In recent years my work has focused intensely on the responsibility of pastoral ministry in the humanistic, evangelical, and catholic branch of Christianity known as Anglicanism. I'm married with a daughter, and have three brothers and two parents.